As the Colony grew, businessmen established wide-ranging trade, sending ships to the West Indies and Europe. Massachusetts claimed land west of the Merrimack as calculated from the headwaters of the river (which early colonial officials claimed to be the outlet of Lake Winnipesaukee in modern-day Franklin, New Hampshire), but New Hampshire claimed that its southern boundary was the line of latitude three miles north of the river's mouth. He established the court that heard the notorious Salem witch trials, and oversaw the war effort until he was recalled in 1694. Massachusetts and Rhode Island had thriving merchant fleets, and they often ran afoul of the trade regulations. [105] (Springfield had been settled by permission of the Massachusetts General Court, so Massachusetts assumed it had jurisdiction over Pynchon's settlement anyway; however, they renamed it Springfield in Pynchon's honor). Available in English, German and Spanish versions, the WTG provides detailed and accurate travel content designed to inspire global travellers. indicate majority support for gay marriage among the people of the Commonwealth, it is likely that the issue is settled in Massachusetts. The Sheffield Patent granted the use of Cape Ann to members of the Plymouth Colony and the Dorchester Company. [13] Massachusetts Bay Colony's southern and western borders were thus established in 1640. These meeting houses became bigger and much less crude as th… Religion was central to the political identities of politicians in the 1690s and early 1700s. For example, each governor was ordered to enact legislation for providing permanent salaries for crown officials, but the legislature refused to do so, using its ability to grant stipends annually as a means of control over the governor. Punishment and executions were public affairs as Puritan authorities were determined to use the criminals as an example to all colonists. [8] The Puritans strongly dissented from the theology and church polity of the Church of England, and they came to Massachusetts for religious freedom. Menu. "A Loyalist Who Loved His Country too Much: Thomas Hutchinson, Historian of Colonial Massachusetts. The aftermath of WWII created a global economy that was focused upon the interests of the United States, both militarily and in relation to business. The diocese, under financial pressure, closed many of its churches. Massachusetts did not agree to a re-survey, so Connecticut hired John Butler and William Whitney to do the job. Because the British government prohibited the export of this new technology, Lowell memorized plans for the power looms on his return trip to Boston. [81], Passenger transportation was revolutionized by the electric trolley. The commonwealth formally adopted the state constitution in 1780, electing John Hancock as its first governor. [107], Massachusetts claimed all territory to the Pacific Ocean, based on its 1629 charter, but the Province of New York claimed the west bank of the Connecticut River (passing through Springfield, Massachusetts) as its eastern boundary, based on 1664 and 1674 grants to the Duke of York. Massachusetts, divided along class lines polarized by the rebellion, only narrowly ratified the United States Constitution in 1788. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by Puritans, who also fled England looking for religious freedom. In 1622, Sir Ferdinando Gorges obtained a patent for the Province of Maine, lands north of the Massachusetts Bay border near the Merrimack River, up to the Kennebec River. Religious Freedom Pre 1700s "In the 1600's there existed a degree of religious freedom in some colonies, while others were characterized by strict intolerance." While Boston did not have many large factories, it became increasingly important as the business and transportation hub of all of New England, as well as a national leader in finance, law, medicine, education, arts and publishing. View On Map. The history of the boundaries of Massachusetts is somewhat complex and covers several centuries. [90] Government contracts, private investment, and research facilities led to a new and improved industrial climate, with reduced unemployment and increased per capita income. In 1607, the Plymouth Company was granted a coastal charter for all coastal territory up to a certain distance from the eastern shoreline of North America, from 38°N to 45°N. In 1686, Suffield and Enfield (incorporated in Massachusetts) were in a dispute over town territory with Windsor and Simsbury (incorporated in Connecticut, and which then included Granby). For example, when the legislature decreed that women and children could work only 50 hours per week, employers cut wages proportionally. For the Pilgrims, it was meant to be a place where the belief in the will of God can be exercised freely. Life in Massachusetts in the 1690’s ... Puritans. He ruled without a representative assembly, vacated land titles, restricted town meetings, enforced the Navigation Acts, and promoted the Church of England, angering virtually every segment of Massachusetts colonial society. But it also struggled with internal turmoil—like the Salem Witch Trials—and external conflict, like King Philip's (Metacom's) War. In 1685, he was succeeded by James II, an outspoken Catholic who implemented the proposal. Fuchs, Lawrence H. "Immigration through the Port of Boston". By the 1750s whaling in Nantucket had become a highly lucrative deep-sea industry, with voyages extending for years at a time and with vessels traveling as far as South Pacific waters. A few months later, in May 1775, a group of prominent merchants with ties to Salem, including Francis Cabot, William Pynchon, Thomas Barnard, E. … They lived in temporary camps but many settled in the new industrial cities along the line, where the gang bosses became leaders in the Democratic Party. Still in force, it is the oldest constitution in current use in the world. Even women who taught neighborhood dame schools were … By 1908, however, the value of the port dropped considerably due to competition. Next, in 1630, the Puritans used the royal charter establishing the Massachusetts Bay Company to create a government in which “freemen”—white males who … When Massachusetts banished the young minister Roger Williams for his unorthodox views, he purchased land from the Narragansett Indians in the area around Providence, Rhode Island. Andros dealt a major blow to the colonists by challenging their title to the land; unlike England the great majority of New Englanders were land-owners. The ocean along the coast was affected; ships shook so much that sleeping sailors awoke, thinking they had run aground. ", James G. Lydon, "North Shore Trade in the Early Eighteenth Century,", Larry Allen, "Currency Act of 1751 (England)" and "Currency Act of 1764 (England)" in, Herman Belz, "Currency Reform in Colonial Massachusetts, 1749-1750,", Amalie M. Kass, "Boston's Historic Smallpox Epidemic. Protestant denominations make up the next largest group, including Presbyterian and Episcopalian groups. In 1624, the Dorchester Company established a settlement on Cape Ann. By Tim Lambert. In recent years, the Commonwealth has lost population as high housing costs have driven many away from Massachusetts. It was connected to the Atlantic and major avenues of trade by the Connecticut River, which ran past Hartford and through the territory of the Connecticut Colony. 002. Letters of opposition or support. [82] Decades later in 1889, Springfield's first line was constructed and by 1905 the city had more track than New York City. The area that is now Massachusetts was colonised by English settlers in the early 17th century and became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the 18th century. ", Tyler, John W. "Thomas Hutchinson: America's “Enlightenment” Historian. The Archdiocese of Boston was found to have knowingly moved priests who sexually molested children from parish to parish and to have covered up abuse. A private militia raised by wealthy Boston merchants and led by General Benjamin Lincoln broke the back of the rebellion in early February at Petersham, but small-scale resistance continued in the western parts of the state for a while. The line extending west from the stake was surveyed in 1719, but inaccurately. It passed harsh penalties on speakeasies, gambling houses and bordellos. By 1826, reported Harriet Beecher Stowe: All the literary men of Massachusetts were Unitarians. Fishing ships from Europe also worked in the rich waters off the coast, and may have traded with some of the tribes. By the 1920s competition from the South and Midwest, followed by the Great Depression, led to the collapse of the three main industries in Massachusetts: textiles, shoemaking, and mechanized transportation. ", Breitborde, Mary-Lou, and Kelly Kolodny. In the mid-1600s, Quakers were hanged simply for setting foot in the colony! The first successful ironworks in America was established at Saugus in 1646,[54] utilizing bog iron from swamps to produce plows, nails, firearms, hoops for barrels and other items necessary for the development of the Colony. [19] Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660 and began to scrutinize the governmental oversight in the colonies, and Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to regulate trade for England's benefit. During the first decade of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, several political crises occurred, unfolding simultaneously, concerning the way religion was practiced in the colony. [77] Morgan's invention of mintonette, soon renamed volleyball at the suggestion of colleague Professor Alfred T. Halsted, was a direct response to the then-new sport basketball, as he sought to create a fast-paced game with similar objectives that could be more easily played by a wider variety of players young and old, athletic and non-athletic. An ingenious canal system provided the water power that drove the machinery. The same surveyors that marked the eastern boundary the previous year then marked the northern boundary, filing their report in 1848. In 1693, the monarchs William III and Mary II issued a patent extending Rhode Island's territory to three miles "east and northeast" of Narragansett Bay, conflicting with the claims of Plymouth Colony. Religious dissension and expansionism led to the founding of several new colonies shortly after Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. In 1713, a joint commission awarded control of Springfield-area towns to Massachusetts (without consulting the residents of those towns), compensating Connecticut with an equal amount of land further north. The Pilgrims came to Massachusetts to save themeselves. Not all the English emigrants adhered to the Puritan lifestyle. [6] This was the second permanent English colony in America following Jamestown Colony. He distrusted utopians and pure democracy, and put his faith in a system of checks and balances; he admired the principles of the unwritten British Constitution. Although Massachusetts was the first slave-holding colony dating back to the early 1600s, in the years leading up to the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center of progressivist and abolitionist activity. Rhode Island Some people in Massachusetts disliked Puritan leaders’ beliefs. The state suffered widespread unemployment during the era of the Great Depression and the state-wide factory system collapsed. In the ensuing years, government contracts, private investment, and research facilities helped to create a modern industry, which reduced unemployment and increased per capita income. With better-than-average schools overall and many elite universities, the area was well placed to take advantage of the technology-based economy of the 1990s. Although it was suspicious of this survey, Connecticut would not even receive a charter until 1662, and so the dispute would lie dormant for several decades. ", Stephen Taylor, "Progressive Nativism: The Know-Nothing Party in Massachusetts", Taylor, "Progressive Nativism: The Know-Nothing Party in Massachusetts" pp 171-72, John R. Mulkern, "Scandal Behind the Convent Walls: The Know-Nothing Nunnery Committee of 1855. Massachusetts Bay Colony consisted mainly of Puritans and Separatists which resulted with the same sum of little to no religious freedom. The Puritans left England primarily due to religious persecution but also for economic reasons as well. Investment decisions and financing arrangements were set up so that managers of whaling ventures shared their risks by selling some equity claims but retained a substantial portion due to moral hazard considerations. However, the claims of Plymouth to all lands east of Narragansett Bay were upheld, and so the border was set in practice.[101]. Notable royal governors during this period were Joseph Dudley, Thomas Hutchinson, Jonathan Belcher, Francis Bernard, and General Thomas Gage. In January 1787 Shays and Luke Day organized an attempt to take the federal Springfield Armory; state militia holding the armory beat back the attempt with cannon fire. In 1641, Connecticut founded a trading post at Woronoke, which was in what was strongly considered to be Massachusetts territory (now Westfield). Politics helped to encourage stability among social groups by elevating members of various ranks in society, as well as ethnic groups, to influential posts. The movement increased antagonism over the issues of slavery, resulting in anti-abolitionist riots in Massachusetts between 1835 and 1837. Puritanism was the established religion in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and dissenters were banished, leading to the establishment of the Rhode Island Colony. The court decided it did not have the jurisdiction to rule on the matter. Insurance coverage for low-income individuals is paid for with tax revenues, and higher income people who don't have health insurance are required to purchase it.
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